Haemoglobin
E (HbE) is an inherited condition caused by the production of an
abnormal haemoglobin protein. Haemoglobin is a protein in the blood that
carries oxygen around our bodies. HbE is passed from parent to child in
genes. Genes carry information about human characteristics such as eye
colour, hair colour and haemoglobin. HbE is inherited. HbE is not
contagious. HbE is not transmitted by germs.
Sometimes changes occur to genes, resulting in medical conditions. Such changes occur to beta (b) globin genes:
- A person normally inherits two b globin genes for the production of the beta globin protein in haemoglobin.
- A
person may have the HbE alteration (mutation) in one of their two b
globin genes. This person is called a carrier of Haemoglobin E (HbE) and
is healthy. Carriers may be at risk of having a child affected with a
severe blood condition. - A person may have the HbE alteration
(mutation) in both copies of their b globin genes. This person is said
to be homozygous for HbE and has no major health problems apart from
being slightly anaemic. They may be at risk of having a child affected
with a severe blood condition. - When a person is a carrier of
the HbE alteration (mutation) and another type of b globin gene
alteration (mutation)they may be affected with a severe blood condition
that requires treatment. For example: when a person has inherited one
copy of the HbE alteration (mutation) from one parent and one copy of a b
thalassaemia gene alteration (mutation) from the other parent this
results in a severe condition called HbE/b thalassaemi